The Lukunga River is a river that flows through the capital city of
Kinshasa in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, a tributary of the
Congo River
The Congo River ( kg, Nzâdi Kôngo, french: Fleuve Congo, pt, Rio Congo), formerly also known as the Zaire River, is the second longest river in Africa, shorter only than the Nile, as well as the second largest river in the world by discharge ...
.
Kinshasa lies on a plain that is surrounded by hills, drained by many rivers. Of these, the Lukunga is one of the more important, and for this reason gives its name to the
Lukunga District of the city.
The river originates to the west at an elevation of in the hills of Ngomba Kikusa, in the commune of
Ngaliema. It is no wider than and is never deeper than due to constant deposits of sediment. The river drains Ngaliema, the Mama Mobutu neighborhood and part of
Mont-Ngafula, and forms the boundary between Ngaliema and Mont-Ngafule. On its right bank the Lukunga is fed first by the Ikusu River, which has its source at a height of and then by the Mbinza River, which rises at a height of .
Before independence, one of the two water treatment plants for Leopoldville, now Kinshasa, was on the Lukunga river at Kinsuka in the Ngaliema district. The station had been designed to last for 30 years with normal maintenance, but was in very poor shape by 1985.
The station was built in 1939, and supplies about of drinking water annually for a population of at least 500,0000.
The catchment area was protected by dense
forest cover
Forest cover is the amount of forest that covers a particular area of land. It may be measured as relative (in percent) or absolute (in square kilometres/square miles). Around a third of the world's surface is covered with forest, with closed-canop ...
until the 1970s.
Since then, unplanned agriculture and building have exposed the steep and sandy soils to erosion by heavy rainfalls, raising levels of turbidity to the point where the station must halt operations.
Frequent dredging is needed to keep the channel open, as well as use of imported chemical coagulants and lime to make the water drinkable.
References
Sources
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Rivers of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Congo drainage basin
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